Saint James the Great Conquering the Moors in the Battle of Clavijo Giovanni Battista Tiepolo

“It is as if God created Tiepolo for us. He follows in Veronese’s path, all spirit, fire ablaze, his colours are marvellous, his speed astonishing,” gushed the Swedish ambassador from Venice. Although the Stockholm job came to naught, Tiepolo was sought after by every court in Europe, and he produced legions of masterpieces from Madrid to Würzburg. His monumental picture of Saint James of Compostela was also made for an international commission. Ricardo Wall, Spanish ambassador to London (who later, despite being Irish, became prime minister), intended it for the altar of the embassy chapel. In the capital of Protestant England the Roman rite could be practised only in chapels of Catholic embassies, which thus became public spaces, displays of the power of these nations. The metaphor for Hispania’s historic mission, the triumphant Battle of Clavijo in 844, seemed the perfect choice of subject for the location: the nation’s patron saint appears as a vision to lead the Christians to victory against the pagans. Once finished, the painting was celebrated at a public exhibition in San Marco in Venice, and Tiepolo’s son reproduced prints of it. (The head study above was made for the engraving). Yet it was not, finally, installed in its intended place: the Spanish turned shy at the sight of the enormous battlehorse dominating most of the picture, which when placed on an altar would, they opined, provide fodder for the Protestants’ accusations of idolatry in the Catholic veneration of images. Axel Vécsey